People skiing in the 19th century
Skiing first originated in cold and snowy areas. Thousands of years ago, in order to survive in the harsh natural environment, humans invented skis, which allows humans to walk on the snow. Its application allows people to gallop in the vast sea of forest and snow at will to chase prey.
In the early 20th century, ski jackets were still basically everyday clothes that were simple and sharp. Women who liked to wear short skirts on weekdays also had to wear long pants and windproof jackets when skiing.
It was in the 1970s that ski jackets really appeared. Complete ski jackets became popular on a large scale, and designer one-piece ski jackets were introduced. As more and more people got into skiing, new Lycra stretch fabrics were used in ski jackets.
Ski jackets of the 1970s
LYCRA fabric is a fabric made of spandex fiber (short for Spandex polyurethane fiber).
LYCRA fabric was successfully researched by Bayer in Germany in 1937, and started to be produced by DuPont in 1959. It can greatly improve the elasticity and extensibility of the fabric, and a good recovery after stretching is its biggest advantage.
Ski jackets are mainly waterproof, windproof, breathable, and also have the function of cold and warmth, which are usually achieved through fabrics and reasonable structural design.
As time advanced into the 21st century, ski jacket fabrics are now generally made of nylon and GORE-TEX.
Let's first introduce Nylon, a man-made fiber that appeared earlier.
Nylon, invented on February 28, 1935, was invented by Wallace Carothers of the DuPont Company in the United States.
From a chemical point of view nylon is a condensation polymer whose constituent units are linked by amides, and therefore it is also a type of polyamide. Nylon is the world's first completely man-made fiber, whose raw materials are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. From these raw materials, two basic chemicals are generally synthesized, in most cases hexanediamine and adipic acid, which are mixed together and polymerized to form nylon.
GORE-TEX fabric is often used in ski clothing nowadays because it provides better waterproofing and wicking ability.
The main component is expanded polytetrafluoroethylene, or ePTFE, which is actually a porous membrane that can be laminated like a sandwich between a high-performance lining and an outer layer of fabric to provide a waterproof, windproof, and highly breathable function.
In 1938, DuPont discovered polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a powerful synthetic polymer that can be used in a variety of applications such as valves, seals, and kitchen cooking utensils.
Beginning in 1958, Gore began developing a variety of products using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
In 1969, Bob Gore discovered expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (also known as ePTFE), opening up new possibilities for PTFE applications.
The ePTFE film is generated by stretching a linear polymer containing fluorine and carbon molecules to become a porous material with a variety of properties, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, high thermal resistance, and more.
When the body gets wet by rain and snow, it can even lose body heat in severe cases, making us feel cold; therefore, ski jackets should be waterproof first. Since the GORE-TEX film has 1.4 billion micro-pores per square centimeter on average, these micro-pores are 20,000 times smaller than a drop of water, making rainwater impermeable and thus waterproof.
Since the human body is constantly sweating, if sweat accumulates in clothes, the moist sweat will make the body lose its temperature and people will feel cold; therefore, when exercising, you need to wear breathable clothes so that sweat can evaporate easily and avoid moisture accumulation. The small pores of each GORE-TEX film are 700 times larger than water vapor molecules, so the body's sweat can easily evaporate through the film, keeping the body comfortable and dry on a regular basis.
GORE-TEX film has very small pores on the surface, forming excellent windproof performance, so it can block cold wind penetration and maintain proper body temperature.
显微镜下的GORE-TEX面料
So GORE-TEX is an excellent fabric for making ski jackets. Nowadays, ski jackets also usually use man-made materials such as PP cotton in terms of padding materials.
PP cotton material is usually polypropylene fiber, is a man-made chemical fiber. Polypropylene fiber from the production process to distinguish, there are mainly plain fiber and hollow two. PP cotton has a good resilience, smooth feel, lower price, good warmth characteristics. Widely used in toy filling, clothing, bedding, spray adhesive cotton and water purification equipment and other industries.
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