During this period, we have encountered some setbacks and the connotation of the concept has changed a lot. I would like to talk about how to view these setbacks and changes and how the future will develop. To understand the logic of technology development, we need to understand the basic laws of technology development. I emphasize three in particular:

1. The key to successful innovation is to seize opportunities, not to make up hot spots. Opportunities are brought about by changes in technology and economic feasibility. For most people and companies, the difficulty of adopting new technologies is often the unity of technical and economic feasibility.
   2, new technology is often from the low technical difficulty to the high difficulty of the field, or from the relatively large value to the relatively small value of the expansion of the field. The former is the technical difficulty, the latter is often a reduction in the cost of technology or increased versatility. The generic increase is essentially cost reduction through knowledge reuse.
   3. The value of technology is often “non-linear”, and generic and basic technologies have great technical potential. Industrial Internet platforms are such technologies with potential.

Generally speaking, technology failure is often attributed to unreasonable economics (small market, weak user demand, high cost of use), while success often occurs where the difficulty and value are more appropriate. The history of the development of the industrial Internet bears this out. In the future direction of technology development, pay special attention to the direction of high potential.

After understanding these basic laws, it is time to look from far to far. We have to answer the question: What is the ultimate value of the Industrial Internet? I divide the ultimate value of the industrial Internet into two categories: how individuals labor and how crowds collaborate. The former mainly refers to remoteness and targets the human-machine relationship; the latter target collaboration in factories and focuses on the human-human relationship, which can be further analyzed with the logic of Industry 4.0. Of course, there is some crossover between the two.